Plant-fungal interactions refer to the relationships between plants and fungi, including both beneficial and detrimental interactions. Fungi can have various effects on plants, such as promoting growth, enhancing nutrient uptake, or causing disease. Research in this area focuses on understanding the mechanisms underlying these interactions, the biochemical and molecular processes involved, and how they influence plant health and productivity. Scientists study the communication between plants and fungi, the role of fungal symbionts in nutrient exchange, and the strategies plants use to defend against pathogenic fungi. Overall, research on plant-fungal interactions is important for developing sustainable agricultural practices, managing plant diseases, and enhancing crop productivity. It also contributes to our understanding of the complex ecological relationships between plants and fungi in natural ecosystems.